Im sorry this is kinda lazy, asking instead of investigating.

How can i figure what kind of materials i will end up with just by looking at loot tables.

Wanna figure out what i need to farm to get materials for my crafting.

Can i salvage higher items than what i can craft (with loses)?

In most cases, monsters drop items of same level or a little bit higher than their level. (Few cases in which they drop lower).

You know there are 10 tiers of materials. That equals roughly to 100 points of tradeskill for each 5 monster levels (or better item levels!)
Exception made for DF seal items and Frontier zones (& dungeons), the highest material you will get is tier 8
Frontier zones (& dungeon) (and later in Shrouded Isles too!) will drop random items which salvage for tier 9 and 10, depending on item level.

As for salvaging, you can start 100 points earlier than the normal. Means that you can start salvaging tier 8 at 701 tradeskill level. With huge variance, of course.